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Discourses of Epictetus
The ''Discourses of Epictetus'' ((ギリシア語:Ἐπικτήτου διατριβαί), ''Epiktētou Diatribai'') are a series of extracts of the teachings of the Stoic philosopher Epictetus written down by Arrian c. 108 AD. There were originally eight books, but only four now remain in their entirety, along with a few fragments of the others. In a preface attached to the Discourses, Arrian explains how he came to write them:
I neither wrote these Discourses of Epictetus in the way in which a man might write such things; nor did I make them public myself, inasmuch as I declare that I did not even write them. But whatever I heard him say, the same I attempted to write down in his own words as nearly as possible, for the purpose of preserving them as memorials to myself afterwards of the thoughts and the freedom of speech of Epictetus.〔Epictetus, (''Discourses'' ).〕
The Discourses are unlikely to be word-for-word transcriptions and are probably written-up versions of Arrian's lecture notes. The books did not have a formal title in ancient times. Although Simplicius called them ''Diatribai'' (Διατριβαί, Discourses),〔Simplicius, ''Commentary on Epictetus' Enchiridion''.〕 other writers gave them titles such as ''Dialexis'' (Διαλέξεις, Talks),〔Aulus Gellius, ''Attic Nights''.〕 ''Apomnêmoneumata'' (Ἀπομνημονεύματα, Records),〔Stobaeus.〕 and ''Homiliai'' (Ὁμιλίαι, Conversations).〔Photius, ''Biblioth.'' 58〕 The modern name comes from the titles given in the earliest medieval manuscript: "Arrian's ''Diatribai'' of Epictetus" ((ギリシア語:Ἀρριανοῦ τῶν Ἐπικτήτου Διατριβῶν)).
==Manuscript editions==
The earliest manuscript of the ''Discourses'' is a twelfth-century manuscript kept at the Bodleian Library, Oxford.〔Oxford University Philosophy Faculty Library - (''Manuscripts and rare books'' )〕 In the Bodleian manuscript, a blot or stain has fallen onto one of the pages, and has made a series of words illegible;〔Book 1. 18. 8-11〕 in all the other known manuscripts these words (or sometimes the entire passage) are omitted,〔W. M. Lindsay (1896), ''An Introduction to Latin Textual Emendation'', page 44.〕 thus all the other manuscripts are derived from this one archetype.〔Aston et al., (1984), ''The History of the University of Oxford'', Oxford University Press.〕
The ''Discourses'' were first printed (in Greek) by Vettore Trincavelli, at Venice in 1535.〔Smith W (1870) ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.''〕
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